4. (a) Name the parts of the heart numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 - Junior Cycle Home Economics - Question 4 - 2010

The functions of the blood include:

1. Transports oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues.
2. Carries carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the tissues back to the lungs.
3. Delivers nutrients, hormones, and enzymes throughout the body.
4. Helps control body temperature.
5. Protects the body from disease.
6. Fights infection.
7. Platelets in the blood help clot wounds.

Types of blood vessels:

1. Artery
   • Function: Carries blood away from the heart.
2. Vein
   • Function: Carries blood towards the heart.
3. Capillary
   • Function: Links arteries and veins, allowing exchange of materials.

Coronary heart disease refers to the buildup of cholesterol and saturated fats on the walls of arteries. This buildup leads to narrowing of the arteries, which restricts blood flow to the heart. This condition can result in high blood pressure, heart attacks, strokes, and angina (chest pain).

Guidelines for promoting a healthy heart include:

1. Dietary Guidelines:

   • Reduce salt and saturated fat intake.
   • Increase use of polyunsaturated fats.
   • Avoid refined carbohydrates, especially sugars.
   • Avoid overeating.
   • Increase intake of fruits and vegetables.

2. Lifestyle Guidelines:

   • Exercise regularly.
   • Maintain a healthy weight.
   • Avoid smoking.
   • Reduce alcohol intake.
   • Manage stress levels.