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How did Germany evolve from Confederation to Empire during the period 1815-1871? - Leaving Cert History - Question 1 - 2019
Question 1
How did Germany evolve from Confederation to Empire during the period 1815-1871?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:How did Germany evolve from Confederation to Empire during the period 1815-1871? - Leaving Cert History - Question 1 - 2019
Step 1
Introduction and Context
Answer
The evolution of Germany from a Confederation to an Empire during the period of 1815-1871 is a significant part of European history. This transformation was influenced by various factors including nationalist movements, political leadership, and wars. Understanding this progression requires examining key events and figures that played crucial roles.
Step 2
The Impact of the Congress of Vienna (1815)
Answer
Following the defeat of Napoleon, the Congress of Vienna established the German Confederation in 1815, comprising 39 German states. This Confederation promoted cooperation among states but lacked strong centralized authority, setting the stage for future conflict and national unity.
Step 3
The Role of Otto von Bismarck
Answer
Otto von Bismarck, appointed as Prime Minister of Prussia in 1862, was pivotal in the unification process. Through his realpolitik approach, he aimed to strengthen Prussia and maneuvered politically to diminish Austrian influence while promoting German nationalism.
Step 4
Key Wars Leading to Unification
Answer
Bismarck orchestrated three wars that catalyzed German unification:
- The Danish War (1864): Alliance with Austria against Denmark resulted in territory gains.
- The Austro-Prussian War (1866): Bismarck's victory against Austria led to the exclusion of Austria from German affairs and solidified Prussian dominance.
- The Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871): Sparked by Bismarck's manipulation of tensions with France, the resulting victory fostered German nationalism and paved the way for unification.
Step 5
Proclamation of the German Empire (1871)
Answer
The culmination of these events was the proclamation of the German Empire in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles on January 18, 1871. This significant moment marked the transformation of the fragmented German states into a unified empire under Kaiser Wilhelm I, thereby establishing Germany as a major European power.
Step 6
Conclusion
Answer
The transition from Confederation to Empire was marked by strategic leadership, military success, and a growing sense of nationalism among the German states. By 1871, Bismarck had successfully engineered a unified Germany, setting the stage for its future role in both European and world affairs.