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During the period 1871-1914, how did one or more of the following contribute to international tensions: colonial rivalries; the naval policy of Wilhelm II; Serbia and its neighbours? - Leaving Cert History - Question 1 - 2015
Question 1
During the period 1871-1914, how did one or more of the following contribute to international tensions: colonial rivalries; the naval policy of Wilhelm II; Serbia an... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:During the period 1871-1914, how did one or more of the following contribute to international tensions: colonial rivalries; the naval policy of Wilhelm II; Serbia and its neighbours? - Leaving Cert History - Question 1 - 2015
Step 1
Colonial Rivalries
Answer
Colonial rivalries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were a significant source of international tension among European powers. The scramble for Africa led to confrontations over territories and imperial ambitions, particularly between Britain, France, and Germany. The competition for colonies heightened nationalistic sentiments, as nations sought to assert their dominance over global resources, which created a breeding ground for conflicts.
For example, the Moroccan Crises (1905 and 1911) illustrated how imperial interests could strain diplomatic relations. Germany's attempt to challenge French interests in Morocco led to heightened tensions not only between Germany and France but also involved Britain, as it protected French interests, setting the stage for future alliances.
Step 2
The Naval Policy of Wilhelm II
Answer
Wilhelm II's naval policies, particularly the expansion of the German navy, played a crucial role in escalating tensions with Britain. The launch of the Dreadnought in 1906 marked a significant shift in naval power, prompting an arms race.
Britain perceived Germany's naval buildup as a direct threat to its own supremacy at sea, leading to the establishment of the Anglo-German naval arms race. This rivalry not only increased military tensions but also influenced alliance systems, ultimately contributing to the outbreak of World War I.
Step 3
Serbia and its Neighbours
Answer
Serbia's aspirations to create a Greater Serbia through Slavic nationalism directly challenged Austro-Hungarian interests in the Balkans. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Bosnian Serb nationalist in 1914 underscored the volatile nature of Balkan politics.
The tension between Serbia and Austria-Hungary became a catalyst for World War I, as Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia. This event triggered a series of alliances and escalated into a world conflict, showcasing how regional disputes could have global implications.