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Why, and to what extent, did Europe move towards unity, 1945-1973? - Leaving Cert History - Question 1 - 2012
Question 1
Why, and to what extent, did Europe move towards unity, 1945-1973?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Why, and to what extent, did Europe move towards unity, 1945-1973? - Leaving Cert History - Question 1 - 2012
Step 1
Why did Europe move towards unity?
Answer
After World War II, Europe faced numerous challenges including economic devastation, social unrest, and the threat of communism. The desire for peace and stability led countries to pursue unity as a means of collective security. The establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951 was a significant step, fostering cooperation among member states and reducing the likelihood of conflict over resources.
Additionally, the Marshall Plan, initiated in 1948, provided crucial financial aid to rebuild European economies. This economic interdependence encouraged countries to collaborate closely and lay the groundwork for future integration.
Step 2
To what extent did Europe move towards unity?
Answer
The movement towards unity in Europe can be considered significant but gradual. While the ECSC marked the beginning of economic cooperation, the subsequent creation of the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1957 advanced political and economic integration. However, various national interests and differences limited the depth of unity achieved.
By 1973, when the first enlargement of the EEC occurred with the inclusion of Britain, Ireland, and Denmark, unity was evident in economic terms; yet, political unity remained elusive due to varying national policies and the influence of the Cold War, leading to a mixed assessment of the extent of unity achieved during this period.