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What were the difficulties associated with the British withdrawal from India, 1945-1947? - Leaving Cert History - Question 1 - 2008
Question 1
What were the difficulties associated with the British withdrawal from India, 1945-1947?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:What were the difficulties associated with the British withdrawal from India, 1945-1947? - Leaving Cert History - Question 1 - 2008
Step 1
Identify the political challenges
Answer
The withdrawal of British forces from India was hindered by significant political challenges. Key among these was the rising tide of nationalism, represented by leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, who demanded immediate independence. The conflict between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League heightened tensions, leading to fears of communal violence.
Step 2
Economic considerations
Answer
Economically, Britain faced severe constraints in 1945, having depleted its resources during World War II. The financial burden of managing a withdrawal while addressing India’s economic needs further complicated the scenario. Preparations had to be made to ensure stability in the wake of British departure.
Step 3
Social and communal tensions
Answer
Socially, there were deep-rooted communal tensions, particularly between Hindus and Muslims. The British decision to partition India in 1947 exacerbated these tensions, leading to significant violence and mass migrations. The challenge was to navigate these fractious divides while orchestrating a withdrawal.
Step 4
International influence and post-war context
Answer
Internationally, the post-war context altered the geopolitical landscape. The rise of the United States and the Soviet Union, alongside anti-colonial sentiments, pressured Britain to decolonize. Navigating these external influences while managing internal conflicts was a critical difficulty.