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During the period 1912-1920, what factors contributed to the partition of Ireland? - Leaving Cert History - Question 1 - 2022
Question 1
During the period 1912-1920, what factors contributed to the partition of Ireland?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:During the period 1912-1920, what factors contributed to the partition of Ireland? - Leaving Cert History - Question 1 - 2022
Step 1
Political Factors
Answer
The political landscape in Ireland during this period was marked by clashes between nationalist and unionist sentiments. The rise of the Home Rule movement, seeking self-governance for Ireland, contrasted sharply with the unionist opposition, primarily in Ulster. The Government of Ireland Act 1914 attempted to establish Home Rule, but resistance from unionists, culminating in the formation of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), led to increased tensions.
Additionally, the impact of World War I shifted focus as nationalist groups participated in the war effort, aiming to gain favor for their cause upon returning. However, many Irish nationalists felt disillusioned when their sacrifices were not rewarded with greater autonomy.
Step 2
Social Factors
Answer
Social divisions played a critical role in the partition. Differences in religion and identity between Catholics and Protestants fueled conflict. The predominantly Protestant population in the north felt a strong allegiance to Britain, whereas the Catholic majority in the south sought independence. These divisions were exacerbated by cultural and historical grievances, leading to a growing chasm between communities that complicated efforts for unity.
Step 3
Economic Factors
Answer
Economic disparities also contributed to partition discussions. The industrialized north, particularly around Belfast, was economically reliant on British trade and support, while the agrarian south faced different economic challenges. This economic divide created divergent interests, further complicating unification efforts and fostering a sense of separateness that would later manifest in the partition.
Step 4
Formation of Political Entities
Answer
The increased organization of political entities, such as Sinn Féin, transformed the nationalist landscape leading up to the partition. Sinn Féin's election success in 1918 signaled a shift towards a more radical approach to achieving independence. The subsequent unilateral declaration of the Irish Republic in 1916 and its endorsement in the 1918 elections intensified the unionist response, ultimately leading to partition as a means of securing unionist interests in the north.