How did the Sinn Féin movement develop during the period 1912-1923? - Leaving Cert History - Question 1 - 2018

The Sinn Féin movement evolved significantly between 1912 and 1923, shaped by various political events and socio-economic factors. Initially, the party sought to promote Irish nationalism through constitutional means, highlighting its opposition to British rule.

Rise in Popularity: In the wake of the 1916 Easter Rising, Sinn Féin's popularity surged as it positioned itself as the leading voice of Irish nationalism. The execution of the Rising's leaders garnered sympathy and support, translating the party’s message into electoral victories during the 1918 general elections.

Establishment of the Dáil Éireann: In 1919, Sinn Féin members convened the Dáil Éireann, further asserting its claim to sovereignty and governance over Ireland. This symbolic act signified a departure from British authority, marking a new phase in its development.

Anglo-Irish War: The party's radicalization continued as it played a crucial role in the struggle against British forces during the Anglo-Irish War (1919-1921). With the establishment of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), Sinn Féin was at the forefront of the campaign for independence, underscoring its commitment to achieving full sovereignty.

Treaty Controversy: The signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921 led to internal divisions within Sinn Féin, as factions emerged over differing views of the treaty's terms—specifically the establishment of the Irish Free State and the implications of dominion status. This division culminated in the Irish Civil War (1922-1923), which further polarized the party and Irish society.

Conclusion: By 1923, Sinn Féin had transformed into a more radical entity, characterized by both the struggle for independence and the internal conflicts that arose from differing ideologies within the party. Its development during this period is thus marked by a transition from constitutional nationalism to militant action and significant political engagement.