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How did the threat and use of physical force affect Ireland during the period 1912-1923? - Leaving Cert History - Question 1 - 2012
Question 1
How did the threat and use of physical force affect Ireland during the period 1912-1923?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:How did the threat and use of physical force affect Ireland during the period 1912-1923? - Leaving Cert History - Question 1 - 2012
Step 1
The context of physical force in Ireland (1912-1923)
Answer
During the period of 1912-1923, Ireland faced significant political turmoil. The threat of physical force arose from various nationalist groups, particularly the Irish Republican Army (IRA), and was a response to British rule and repression. The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) also formed to oppose Home Rule, intensifying the sense of division across the community.
Step 2
Impact on Nationalist Movements
Answer
The threat of physical force galvanized nationalist movements. Organizations such as the Sinn Féin gained momentum as they capitalized on public sentiments towards independence. The 1916 Easter Rising was a pivotal moment, demonstrating the willingness of nationalists to engage in armed rebellion, which subsequently influenced political discourse and action.
Step 3
Consequences of the Irish War of Independence
Answer
The use of physical force led to the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921), characterized by guerrilla tactics employed by the IRA against British forces. This violence altered the political landscape and ultimately led to the Anglo-Irish Treaty, establishing the Irish Free State but also leading to further division among nationalists.
Step 4
Effects on Society and Governance
Answer
The period witnessed severe societal impacts. The rise of physical force correlated with increased levels of violence, civilian casualties, and societal fractures. The subsequent Civil War (1922-1923) amongst republicans highlighted these divisions and affected governance in the new Irish Free State, raising questions about authority and legitimacy.