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Vegetarian diets are a popular choice with many individuals and families - Leaving Cert Home Economics - Question 2 - 2018
Question 2
Vegetarian diets are a popular choice with many individuals and families. (a) In relation to vegetarian diets discuss: • classes / types • specific dietary requirem... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Vegetarian diets are a popular choice with many individuals and families - Leaving Cert Home Economics - Question 2 - 2018
Step 1
classes / types
Answer
Vegetarian diets fall into several main categories:
- Vegan: This diet excludes all animal products, including eggs, dairy, and fish. It relies entirely on plant-based foods.
- Lacto-vegetarian: This diet includes dairy products but excludes eggs, meat, and fish.
- Ovo-vegetarian: This diet includes eggs but excludes dairy products, meat, and fish.
- Pescatarian: This diet includes fish but excludes meat and poultry.
- Flexitarian: This diet is primarily vegetarian but allows for occasional meat or fish consumption.
Step 2
specific dietary requirements
Answer
Specific dietary requirements for vegetarian diets aim to meet nutritional needs while avoiding animal products:
- Protein Sources: It's crucial to include a variety of protein sources such as pulses, beans, nuts, and whole grains. Foods like tofu, tempeh, and edamame are excellent options.
- Vitamin B12: This vitamin is typically found in animal products, so vegetarians need to consume fortified foods or supplements.
- Iron: Plant-based sources include lentils, beans, and fortified cereals. Pairing these with vitamin C-rich foods can enhance absorption.
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts provide these essential fats.
Step 3
benefits of a vegetarian diet
Answer
A vegetarian diet offers several health benefits:
- Heart Health: Typically lower in saturated fat, vegetarian diets can lead to better cardiovascular health due to reduced risks of diseases like CHD.
- Weight Management: Many vegetarians maintain a healthier weight due to lower calorie intake and a higher focus on fruits and vegetables.
- Reduced Risk of Chronic Diseases: Research indicates that a vegetarian diet may lower the risk of certain cancers and obesity, contributing to overall longevity.
Step 4
Name and describe two novel (alternative) protein foods that can be used in vegetarian diets
Answer
- Tofu: Made from soy milk, tofu is pressed into solid blocks and can be used in various dishes. It can be grilled, sautéed, or blended into smoothies. It is a versatile source of protein.
- Quorn: This meat substitute is derived from the fungus Fusarium venenatum and is high in protein. It is available in various forms, such as pieces or mince, and can be cooked in many dishes.
Step 5
Outline the manufacture / production of one novel (alternative) protein food
Answer
TVP (Textured Vegetable Protein):
TVP is produced from defatted soy flour and is a popular meat substitute. The steps involved in its manufacture include:
- Extraction: Soybeans are de-hulled and defatted to extract oil.
- Flouring: The remaining soybean flakes are processed into flour, which retains nutrients such as B12 and methionine.
- Texturizing: The flour is then mixed with water, heated, and extruded to form a fibrous texture resembling meat.
- Drying: The extruded product is dried and cut into various shapes for packaging.