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Last Updated Sep 27, 2025
RNA Simplified Revision Notes for Leaving Cert Biology
Revision notes with simplified explanations to understand RNA quickly and effectively.
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RNA
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
- RNA is a nucleic acid, similar to DNA, but with some key differences.
- RNA contains the sugar ribose. It also has four bases (but one base is different from DNA).
- Adenine (A)
- Guanine (G)
- Cytosine (C)
- Uracil (U)
- RNA bases are complementary to DNA bases.
- A pairs with U (instead of T).
- C pairs with G.
- mRNA (messenger RNA) is a single-stranded molecule that carries a copy of the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome, where proteins are made.
| DNA | RNA | |
|---|---|---|
| Bases | DNA contains A (adenine), T (thymine), C (cytosine), G (guanine) | RNA contains U (uracil) instead of thymine. |
| Strands | DNA is double-stranded. | RNA is single-stranded. |
| Location in the Cell | DNA is found in the nucleus. | RNA is found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. |
| Sugar | DNA contains deoxyribose. | RNA contains ribose. |
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