Sodium

Sources of Sodium

Salt (Sodium Chloride) The most common source.

Processed Foods Such as canned soups, snacks, and ready meals.

Natural Sources Dairy products, meats, bread, and vegetables contain natural sodium.

Functions of Sodium

Fluid Balance: Sodium is key in maintaining fluid balance within body tissues.

Nerve Activity: It plays a role in the transmission of nerve impulses.

Muscle Function: Sodium is essential for normal muscle contractions, including heart muscles.

Effects of Sodium Deficiency

Hyponatremia: Characterised by nausea, headache, confusion, and fatigue due to low sodium levels in the blood.

Muscle Cramps: Due to impaired muscle function.

Dizziness and Fainting: Resulting from low blood pressure.

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for Sodium

Adults The RDA for sodium is around 6 grams per day.

Children A lower RDA of 4 grams per day is recommended.

Factors Affecting Sodium Absorption

Dietary Intake: The amount of sodium absorbed depends on the dietary intake.

Health Conditions: Conditions like kidney disease can affect sodium balance.

Example Exam Questions and Answers

1. What are two primary functions of sodium in the human body?

Sodium maintains fluid balance in body tissues and is essential for healthy nerve activity and normal muscle contractions.

2. List two dietary sources of sodium.

Common sources of sodium include table salt and processed foods like canned soups and snacks.

3. What is the recommended daily intake of sodium for adults?

The recommended daily intake of sodium for adults is approximately 6 grams.