Vitamin K

Sources of Vitamin K

Dietary Sources

Green leafy vegetables (such as kale, spinach, and broccoli), certain fruits (like kiwi and grapes), and some vegetable oils.

Fortified Foods

Some cereals and dairy products may be fortified with Vitamin K.

Endogenous Production

Some Vitamin K is produced by bacteria in the human gut.

Functions of Vitamin K

Blood Clotting: Essential for the synthesis of proteins required for blood coagulation.

Bone Health: Involved in bone metabolism and helps maintain bone strength.

Regulation of Calcium: Assists in the regulation of calcium deposition in bones and soft tissues.

Effects of Vitamin K Deficiency

Increased Bleeding Risk: Deficiency can lead to impaired blood clotting and excessive bleeding.

Bone Weakness: May result in decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture risk.

Cardiovascular Health: Deficiency is linked with increased calcification of blood vessels and heart valves.

Properties of Vitamin K

Fat-Soluble

Requires dietary fats for optimal absorption.

Stability

Relatively stable to heat but sensitive to light and strong acids.

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Exam Focus: Questions and Answers

1. What are the primary functions of Vitamin K in the body?

Vitamin K plays a crucial role in blood clotting, bone metabolism, and regulating calcium levels in the body.

2. Describe the effects of Vitamin K deficiency.

Deficiency can lead to increased bleeding risk due to impaired blood coagulation, weakened bones, and increased risk of cardiovascular issues due to blood vessel calcification.

3. What are the sources and recommended daily allowance of Vitamin K?

Vitamin K is found in green leafy vegetables, certain fruits, some vegetable oils, and is also produced by gut bacteria. The RDA for adults is 90-120 micrograms per day.