Structure, Functions, and Uses (Leaving Cert Biology): Flashcards
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Enzymes definition
Enzymes definition
Biological catalysts (proteins) that speed up reactions without being consumed
Active site
Active site
Specifically shaped region where substrates bind to enzyme
Lock-and-key model
Lock-and-key model
Substrate shape must complement enzyme active site
Optimal temp for human enzymes
Optimal temp for human enzymes
37°C
Enzyme denaturation
Enzyme denaturation
Loss of enzyme shape, destroying catalytic ability
Optimal pH for most enzymes
Optimal pH for most enzymes
pH 6-8
Pepsin optimal pH
Pepsin optimal pH
pH 2 (works in acidic stomach)
Amylase function
Amylase function
Breaks down starch into sugars
Lactase function
Lactase function
Breaks down lactose; used to produce lactose-free milk
Lipases in biofuel
Lipases in biofuel
Make biodiesel from plant oils
Immobilised enzymes
Immobilised enzymes
Enzymes attached to solid supports or trapped in matrices
Advantage of immobilised enzymes
Advantage of immobilised enzymes
Reusable, easily separated, more stable, cost-effective
Proteases function
Proteases function
Digest proteins, tenderise meat, used in baby food
High substrate concentration effect
High substrate concentration effect
Reaction rate plateaus (enzyme saturation)
Pectinases function
Pectinases function
Break down pectin to produce clearer fruit juices