Structure, Functions, and Uses (Leaving Cert Biology): Flashcards
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Enzymes
Enzymes
Biological catalysts (specialised proteins)
Active site
Active site
Region where substrate binds to enzyme
Lock-and-key model
Lock-and-key model
Only matching substrate fits enzyme active site
Optimal temp for human enzymes
Optimal temp for human enzymes
37°C (body temperature)
Optimal temp for plant enzymes
Optimal temp for plant enzymes
20-30°C
Enzyme denaturation
Enzyme denaturation
Enzyme unfolds, loses shape, can't function
Optimal pH for most enzymes
Optimal pH for most enzymes
pH 6-8 (near neutral)
Pepsin optimal pH
Pepsin optimal pH
pH 2 (works in acidic stomach)
Amylase function
Amylase function
Breaks down starch into maltose
Lactase industrial use
Lactase industrial use
Produces lactose-free milk
Pectinases use
Pectinases use
Produce clearer fruit juices
Lipases in biofuel production
Lipases in biofuel production
Make biodiesel from plant oils
Immobilised enzymes
Immobilised enzymes
Enzymes attached to supports or trapped in matrices
Immobilised enzymes: reusability
Immobilised enzymes: reusability
Can be reused repeatedly, cost-effective
Immobilised enzymes: stability
Immobilised enzymes: stability
More resistant to temperature & pH changes