Process and Methods (Leaving Cert Biology): Flashcards
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13 cards from this deck
Define genetic engineering
Define genetic engineering
Manipulating genetic material to modify organisms in ways that don't occur naturally
Another term for genetic engineering
Another term for genetic engineering
Genetic modification, recombinant DNA technology, or gene editing
What is recombinant DNA?
What is recombinant DNA?
DNA combining genetic material from different sources
GMO stands for
GMO stands for
Genetically Modified Organism
What are plasmids?
What are plasmids?
Small circular DNA in bacteria used as gene vehicles
5 steps of traditional genetic engineering
5 steps of traditional genetic engineering
DNA isolation, Cutting, Ligation, Transformation, Expression
Function of restriction enzymes
Function of restriction enzymes
Cut DNA at specific sequences like molecular scissors
Critical rule for restriction enzymes
Critical rule for restriction enzymes
Must use same enzyme to cut both gene and plasmid
Function of DNA ligase
Function of DNA ligase
Joins DNA pieces together like molecular glue
What is transformation (genetic engineering)?
What is transformation (genetic engineering)?
Recombinant plasmid entering bacterial cells
What is expression (genetic engineering)?
What is expression (genetic engineering)?
Gene transcribed & translated to produce protein
Two components of CRISPR-Cas9
Two components of CRISPR-Cas9
Guide RNA (gRNA) and Cas9 enzyme
2020 Nobel Prize winners for CRISPR
2020 Nobel Prize winners for CRISPR
Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna