States of Matter (Leaving Cert Chemistry): Flashcards

Vibrate in fixed positions, tightly packed

Definite shape and volume

Slide past each other while staying close

Definite volume but no fixed shape

Move freely and are far apart

Neither fixed shape nor volume

Gases have most energy, then liquids, solids have least

Particles spread from high to low concentration until evenly distributed

White ring of ammonium chloride ($NH₄Cl$)

$HCl$ has higher molecular mass, so it's slower than $NH₃$

Slower in liquids; particles are closer together

No loss of energy; energy is conserved

Average kinetic energy directly proportional to absolute temperature (Kelvin)

Random collisions of gas particles

Theoretical gas following all kinetic theory rules perfectly