Instructions (Grade 11 NSC Matric English FAL): Revision Notes

Instructions

What are instructions?

Instructions are a type of shorter transactional text that guide readers through completing a task or activity in a sequential manner. They provide clear direction on how to achieve something from beginning to end. Good instructions must be straightforward, well-organised, and simple to follow so that readers can successfully complete what you're asking them to do.

In your NSC English FAL Paper 3 exam, you may encounter questions requiring you to write different types of instructions:

• A process – explaining how to create or make something (such as preparing a dish or building an item)
• A task – describing how to operate equipment or get ready for a special occasion
• A safety or procedure guide – outlining rules or steps to follow in specific situations (like school regulations or laboratory safety protocols)

Structure and format

Understanding the correct structure helps you organise your instructions logically and ensures readers can follow them easily. Here's what to include:

Heading or title

Begin with a brief, descriptive title that clearly states the purpose of your instructions. This heading tells readers exactly what they will learn to do. Make it specific and informative.

List of steps

Present each step on a separate line using either numbers or bullet points. This visual separation makes the instructions easier to scan and follow. Arrange your steps in chronological order, starting from the first action and continuing through to completion. Each step should follow logically from the previous one.

When writing steps, ensure they are action-oriented and direct. Tell readers exactly what to do without unnecessary elaboration.

Conclusion (optional)

You may choose to finish with a brief closing statement. This could be a helpful reminder, a final tip, or a cautionary note to reinforce important points.

Example: "Remember to check your work before submitting."

Style and tone

The language you use in instructions is crucial for clarity and effectiveness. Follow these guidelines:

Use imperative (command) verbs

Imperative verbs are command words that tell readers what action to take. They are the foundation of instruction writing because they create direct, clear statements. Start most of your steps with these action verbs.

Examples: Add, mix, check, wash, turn off, remember, make sure

Keep sentences short, clear, and direct

Avoid long, complicated sentences that might confuse readers. Each sentence should convey one clear action or piece of information. Short sentences are easier to understand and remember, especially when someone is actively following your instructions.

Write in the present tense

Use present tense throughout your instructions to create a sense of immediacy. This tense makes instructions feel current and active, as if the reader is performing the actions right now.

Example: "Place the mixture in the bowl" (not "You will place" or "You should place")

Maintain a neutral or polite tone

Instructions should sound professional and respectful. Avoid being too casual or too commanding. Your tone should be helpful and encouraging without being bossy or condescending. Remember, you're guiding someone, not ordering them around.

Use linking words to show sequence

Linking words help readers understand the order of steps and how they connect. These words create smooth transitions and make the logical flow of your instructions clear.

Examples: first, next, then, finally

These words act as signposts, guiding readers from one step to the next without confusion.

Useful linking words and phrases

Different linking words serve different purposes in instructions. Here's how to use them effectively:

To show order

These words indicate the sequence of steps and help readers follow the correct progression:

• First
• Next
• Then
• After that
• Finally

Use these at the beginning of steps to make the sequence crystal clear.

To give extra details

When you need to add important information, warnings, or helpful tips, use these phrases:

• Make sure
• Remember to
• Be careful not to

These phrases draw attention to critical points that readers shouldn't overlook.

To show result

When explaining outcomes or consequences, these phrases help:

• So that
• Therefore
• As a result

These words help readers understand why certain steps are important and what will happen if they follow or don't follow the instructions.

Example: Instructions

Here's a practical example showing all the elements we've discussed:

Notice how this example uses:

• A clear, descriptive heading
• Numbered steps in logical order
• Imperative verbs (greet, maintain, dress, listen, be, thank)
• Short, direct sentences
• A helpful concluding reminder

Exam tips

When writing instructions in your exam, keep these practical strategies in mind:

Remember!