Written Formal and Informal Speech (Grade 12 NSC Matric English FAL): Revision Notes

Written Formal and Informal Speech

Understanding speeches

A speech is a written text that is specifically designed to be spoken aloud to an audience. The primary goal of any speech is to communicate effectively with listeners, whether that means informing them about important topics, persuading them to take action, motivating them to make changes, or simply entertaining them.

When writing a speech, you must always remember that your words will be heard, not read silently. This means the language needs to flow naturally when spoken and should be appropriate for the specific occasion and audience you're addressing.

Types of speeches

There are two main categories of speeches that you need to understand for your NSC English FAL exam:

Formal speeches

Formal speeches are delivered in official or serious contexts. These might include school assemblies, award ceremonies, debates, or important community events. The audience typically expects a certain level of professionalism and respect in both content and delivery style.

Informal speeches

Informal speeches are used in casual or friendly situations. Examples include addressing classmates, giving a farewell speech to friends, or speaking at a birthday party. The atmosphere is more relaxed, and the language can be more conversational and personal.

Both types of speeches must sound natural when spoken aloud, with language that flows easily and feels appropriate for the specific occasion.

Structure and format

Every effective speech follows a clear six-part structure that helps organise your ideas and keeps your audience engaged:

1. Heading or title

Create a short, clear title that immediately tells your audience what your speech is about. For example: "Speech on Environmental Awareness" or "Farewell Address to Year 12 Learners."

2. Greeting and addressing the audience

This is how you acknowledge and welcome your listeners at the beginning.

• Formal example: "Good morning, Principal, teachers, and fellow learners."
• Informal example: "Hi everyone!"

3. Introduction

Your opening should grab attention immediately and set the tone for what follows. You can achieve this by using:

• A thought-provoking quote
• An engaging question
• An interesting fact
• A brief story or personal experience

The introduction should make your audience want to keep listening.

4. Body (main points)

This is the heart of your speech where you develop your key ideas. Focus on 2-3 main points and support each one with examples, explanations, or evidence. Each paragraph should concentrate on one key point to maintain clarity and focus.

5. Conclusion

Wrap up your speech by summarising your main message and ending with impact. Use an inspirational closing line or include a clear call to action that tells your audience what you want them to do or think about after hearing your speech.

6. Sign-off (optional)

You may choose to end with a polite closing phrase such as "Thank you for listening" or "Thank you for your attention."

Language and style differences

The way you write formal and informal speeches differs significantly in several important areas:

Language choice

Formal speeches require polite, professional, standard English. Avoid slang, colloquialisms, or overly casual expressions. Your vocabulary should be sophisticated but still accessible to your audience.

Informal speeches can use conversational, friendly, and natural expressions that reflect how people actually speak in relaxed settings. This includes everyday phrases and more personal language.

Tone

Formal speeches maintain a respectful and serious tone throughout, even when discussing lighter topics. The speaker shows appropriate respect for the occasion and audience.

Informal speeches adopt a relaxed and engaging tone that helps create a personal connection with the audience. The speaker can be more expressive and emotionally open.

Purpose approach

Formal speeches aim to inform, motivate, or persuade in an official capacity, often representing institutions or addressing serious matters.

Informal speeches focus on connecting personally with the audience or providing entertainment in a more casual setting.

Pronouns

Formal speeches often use "we" or "you" to address the audience collectively, creating a sense of shared responsibility or common purpose.

Informal speeches frequently use "I" or "you" to create a more personal, direct connection with individual listeners.

Useful expressions for openings and closings

Formal speech expressions

Informal speech expressions

Writing tips for effective speeches

Here are essential strategies to help you create compelling speeches:

Plan thoroughly before you start writing. Make sure you clearly understand your topic, know your audience, and have a clear purpose for your speech.

Use connecting words such as "firstly," "however," "therefore," and "in conclusion" to help your ideas flow smoothly from one point to the next.

Write as if you're speaking directly to your audience. Your sentences should sound natural when read aloud, not stiff or overly formal.

Keep sentences clear and manageable. Avoid long, complex sentences that might confuse listeners or be difficult to deliver effectively.

Include rhetorical questions to actively involve your audience. For example: "Have you ever thought about how much time we waste online?"

Stay within the word limit of 120-150 words to ensure your speech is concise and focused.

Check your work carefully for spelling, punctuation, and grammar errors before submitting.