The Fundamental Counting Principle (Grade 12 NSC Matric Mathematics): Flashcards

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The Fundamental Counting Principle
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Fundamental counting principle definition

Multiply outcomes of each independent event

Formula: 2 independent events A and B

n(A)×n(B)n(A) \times n(B)

Formula: multiple independent events

n1×n2×n3×…×nkn_1 \times n_2 \times n_3 \times \ldots \times n_k

Formula: nn choices, rr repetitions

nrn^r

Independence in counting principle

Events must be independent of each other

Order in fundamental counting principle

Order of events is significant

When to use counting principle vs tree diagram

Large outcomes, multiple events, quick calculation needed

3 coin flips: total outcomes

23=82^3 = 8

Die roll & coin toss: total outcomes

6×2=126 \times 2 = 12

Critical check before applying principle

Is repetition allowed or not?

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