Isomers (Grade 12 NSC Matric Physical Sciences): Flashcards

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Isomers
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Definition of isomers

Same molecular formula, different structural arrangements

Structural isomers

Same functional groups, different positions on carbon chain

Functional group isomers

Same molecular formula, completely different functional groups

Butane and 2-methylpropane molecular formula

C4H10C_4H_{10}

Propanone and propanal molecular formula

C3H6OC_3H_6O

Ketone group location in propanone

Middle of carbon chain

Aldehyde group location in propanal

End of carbon chain

Properties of isomers

Different properties despite same molecular formula

What varies in 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol

Position of hydroxyl group (-OH)

Reactivity: aldehydes vs ketones

Aldehydes more reactive than ketones

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