Gene Expression (AQA A-Level Biology): Flashcards
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Mutagenic agents
Mutagenic agents
External factors that induce mutations by damaging DNA structure
Two main categories of mutagenic agents
Two main categories of mutagenic agents
Chemical mutagens and physical mutagens
What do group removal chemicals do?
What do group removal chemicals do?
Strip functional groups from nucleotide bases
What do group addition chemicals do?
What do group addition chemicals do?
Attach large molecular groups to DNA bases
Where is benzopyrene found?
Where is benzopyrene found?
Tobacco smoke
What does ionising radiation create?
What does ionising radiation create?
Free radicals
What type of DNA damage does UV radiation cause?
What type of DNA damage does UV radiation cause?
Thymine dimers
What are thymine dimers?
What are thymine dimers?
Covalent bonds between adjacent thymine or cytosine bases
How does DNA polymerase respond to damaged DNA?
How does DNA polymerase respond to damaged DNA?
Cannot function normally or read altered bases correctly
What is the role of peer review?
What is the role of peer review?
Scientists examine research before publication to identify biases and validate methods/conclusions