Regulation of Transcription & Translation (AQA A-Level Biology): Flashcards
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Practise the cards
10 cards from this deck
What are transcription factors?
What are transcription factors?
Proteins that regulate which genes are transcribed into mRNA
Where are transcription factors initially located?
Where are transcription factors initially located?
Cytoplasm
What do activator transcription factors do?
What do activator transcription factors do?
Stimulate transcription by helping RNA polymerase bind
What do repressor transcription factors do?
What do repressor transcription factors do?
Inhibit transcription by blocking RNA polymerase access
How does oestrogen regulate gene expression?
How does oestrogen regulate gene expression?
Acts as a steroid hormone that directly influences transcription
What is RNA interference (RNAi)?
What is RNA interference (RNAi)?
Post-transcriptional mechanism preventing mRNA translation
How does siRNA control translation?
How does siRNA control translation?
Cuts target mRNA into fragments that cannot be translated
How does miRNA control translation?
How does miRNA control translation?
Blocks translation without cutting mRNA
Lac repressor when lactose absent
Lac repressor when lactose absent
Binds to DNA and blocks transcription of enzyme gene
Lac repressor when lactose present
Lac repressor when lactose present
Cannot bind DNA; allows transcription of enzyme gene