Formation of Coloured Ions (AQA A-Level Chemistry): Flashcards

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Formation of Coloured Ions
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Cause of colour in transition metal ions

Absorption of certain wavelengths of visible light

Effect of ligands on 3d orbitals

Split into two groups with different energy levels

Location of electrons in ground state

Lower energy orbitals

Effect of higher oxidation state on ΔE\Delta E

Increases energy difference

Strong-field ligands (e.g., CN−CN^-) effect

Cause larger energy gaps

Weak-field ligands (e.g., H2OH_2O) effect

Cause smaller energy gaps

Conditions for colourless transition metal compounds

No 3d electrons or full 3d sub-level

Concentration vs light absorption relationship

More concentrated = more light absorbed

Beer's Law

Absorbance directly proportional to concentration

Value of Planck's constant hh

6.63×10−346.63 \times 10^{-34} J s

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