Laws of Logarithms (AQA A-Level Mathematics): Flashcards

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Laws of Logarithms
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Addition Rule for logarithms

log⁡(a)+log⁡(b)=log⁡(ab)\log(a) + \log(b) = \log(ab)

Subtraction Rule for logarithms

log⁡(a)−log⁡(b)=log⁡(ab)\log(a) - \log(b) = \log\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)

Power Rule for logarithms

blog⁡(a)=log⁡(ab)b \log(a) = \log(a^b)

Multiplying same base: 2x×23=?2^x \times 2^3 = ?

2x+32^{x+3} (add the powers)

Dividing same base: 2x÷2y=?2^x \div 2^y = ?

2x−y2^{x-y} (subtract the powers)

Value of log⁡3(3)\log_3(3)

11

Expand log⁡(3a2b3)\log(3a^2b^3) using log laws

log⁡(3)+2log⁡(a)+3log⁡(b)\log(3) + 2\log(a) + 3\log(b)

Simplify log⁡(2)+log⁡(5)\log(2) + \log(5)

log⁡(10)=1\log(10) = 1

Common mistake in log⁡(x−5)−log⁡(x)=7\log(x-5) - \log(x) = 7?

Unlogging each term separately; must combine logs first

Correct method for log⁡(x−5)−log⁡(x)=7\log(x-5) - \log(x) = 7

Gather logs into one: log⁡(x−5x)=7\log\left(\frac{x-5}{x}\right) = 7

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