Solving & Interpreting Differential Equations (AQA A-Level Mathematics): Flashcards

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Solving & Interpreting Differential Equations
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First-order differential equations involve

The first derivative of the unknown function

Form of separable differential equation

dydx=g(x)h(y)\frac{dy}{dx} = g(x)h(y)

Form of linear first-order diff. eq.

dydx+P(x)y=Q(x)\frac{dy}{dx} + P(x)y = Q(x)

Integrating factor formula

IF=eP(x)dxIF = e^{\int P(x) \, dx}

Second-order differential equations involve

The second derivative of the unknown function

Form of homogeneous second-order equation

d2ydx2+pdydx+qy=0\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} + p\frac{dy}{dx} + qy = 0

Purpose of initial conditions in diff. eq.

Find particular solution & specific values of constants

Factor determining solution form in characteristic eq.

Nature of roots (real distinct, repeated, or complex)

Long-term behaviour analysis reveals

Stability of system & long-term predictions of model

In y(t)=P0ekty(t) = P_0e^{kt}, P0P_0 and kk represent

Initial population and growth rate

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