Inequality and Ethnicity (AQA A-Level Sociology): Flashcards

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Inequality and Ethnicity
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Definition of ethnicity

Shared culture, norms & values; socially constructed

Why sociologists reject 'race' concept

No scientific basis; historically discredited

What is institutional racism?

Organisational policies/actions discriminating against ethnic minorities

Macpherson Report (1999) conclusion

Metropolitan Police was institutionally racist

Patterson (1965) functionalist view on ethnicity

Inequalities temporary; disappear via assimilation

Castles & Kosack (1973) Marxist explanation

Capitalism benefits from divided working class

Dual labour market theory (Barron & Norris 1976)

Primary (secure, good pay) vs secondary (insecure, low pay)

Weberian 'underclass' (Rex & Tomlinson 1979)

Lowest social status; separated from main working class

Murray (1984) New Right view on ethnic inequality

Cultural factors cause disadvantage, not structural discrimination

Modood et al. (1997): lowest educational achievers

Black Caribbean boys

Modood et al. (1997): highest educational achievers

Chinese and Indian pupils

Ethnic minorities in overcrowded UK households

Nearly half of all overcrowded households

Reserve army of labour (Marxist concept)

Cheap ethnic minority labour that can be exploited

Pilkington (1999): changing ethnic disadvantage patterns

Some progress but slower than white populations

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