Series (Edexcel A-Level Further Mathematics): Flashcards

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Method of Differences
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Method of differences

Technique for summing series using telescoping property

Telescoping property

Many terms cancel out in a series

Purpose of partial fractions in this method

Break general term into form that can telescope

Partial fraction: 1r(r+1)\frac{1}{r(r+1)}

1r1r+1\frac{1}{r} - \frac{1}{r+1}

r=1n(1r1r+1)\sum_{r=1}^n \left(\frac{1}{r} - \frac{1}{r+1}\right)

11n+11 - \frac{1}{n+1}

Partial fraction: 1r(r+2)\frac{1}{r(r+2)}

12(1r1r+2)\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{r} - \frac{1}{r+2}\right)

General form: 1r(r+k)\frac{1}{r(r+k)}

1k(1r1r+k)\frac{1}{k}\left(\frac{1}{r} - \frac{1}{r+k}\right)

What remains after telescoping?

First and last non-cancelled terms

Common mistake in method of differences

Incorrect partial fraction decomposition

Another common mistake in telescoping

Omitting the last non-cancelled terms

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