Intro to Differential Equations (Edexcel A-Level Further Mathematics): Flashcards

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Intro to Differential Equations
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Differential equation (definition)

Equation relating a function and its derivatives

ODE (ordinary differential equation)

D.E. with derivatives w.r.t. a single variable

PDE (partial differential equation)

D.E. with partial derivatives w.r.t. multiple variables

Form of separable equations

dydx=g(x)h(y)\frac{dy}{dx} = g(x)h(y)

Method to solve separable equations

Separate variables and integrate

Form of linear first-order D.E.

dydx+P(x)y=Q(x)\frac{dy}{dx} + P(x)y = Q(x)

Method to solve linear first-order D.E.

Use an integrating factor F(x)F(x)

Integrating factor formula

F(x)=eP(x)dxF(x) = e^{\int P(x) \, dx}

Form of exact equations

M(x,y)dx+N(x,y)dy=0M(x, y) \, dx + N(x, y) \, dy = 0

Condition for exact equations

My=Nx\frac{\partial M}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial N}{\partial x}

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