Modelling using First Order Differential Equations (Edexcel A-Level Further Mathematics): Flashcards

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Modelling using First Order Differential Equations
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Population growth DE where rate ∝ population

dPdt=kP\frac{dP}{dt} = kP

Solution to dPdt=kP\frac{dP}{dt} = kP with P(0)=P0P(0) = P_0

P(t)=P0ektP(t) = P_0 e^{kt}

Newton's Law of Cooling DE

dTdt=k(TTa)\frac{dT}{dt} = -k(T - T_a)

Solution to Newton's Law of Cooling

T(t)=Ta+CektT(t) = T_a + Ce^{-kt}

Motion with resistance proportional to velocity DE

mdvdt=mgkvm\frac{dv}{dt} = mg - kv

Terminal velocity from mdvdt=mgkvm\frac{dv}{dt} = mg - kv

v=mgkv = \frac{mg}{k}

Express acceleration as function of vv and ss

a=vdvdsa = v\frac{dv}{ds}

Integrating factor for dydx+P(x)y=Q(x)\frac{dy}{dx} + P(x)y = Q(x)

F(x)=eP(x)dxF(x) = e^{\int P(x)dx}

Meaning of k>0k > 0 in dPdt=kP\frac{dP}{dt} = kP

Exponential growth

Meaning of k<0k < 0 in dPdt=kP\frac{dP}{dt} = kP

Exponential decay

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