Basic Probability (Edexcel A-Level Mathematics): Flashcards

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Calculating Probabilities & Events
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Formula for probability of event EE

P(E)=favourable outcomestotal outcomesP(E) = \frac{\text{favourable outcomes}}{\text{total outcomes}}

Formula for complement of event EE

P(E)=1P(E)P(E') = 1 - P(E)

Definition of mutually exclusive events

Events that cannot occur at the same time

Formula for mutually exclusive events AA and BB

P(A or B)=P(A)+P(B)P(A \text{ or } B) = P(A) + P(B)

Definition of independent events

Occurrence of one does not affect the other

Formula for independent events AA and BB

P(A and B)=P(A)×P(B)P(A \text{ and } B) = P(A) \times P(B)

Formula for conditional probability P(AB)P(A|B)

P(AB)=P(A and B)P(B)P(A|B) = \frac{P(A \text{ and } B)}{P(B)}

General formula for P(A or B)P(A \text{ or } B)

P(A or B)=P(A)+P(B)P(A and B)P(A \text{ or } B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A \text{ and } B)

Formula for dependent events AA and BB

P(A and B)=P(A)×P(BA)P(A \text{ and } B) = P(A) \times P(B|A)

P(rolling 3 on 6-sided die)P(\text{rolling 3 on 6-sided die})

16\frac{1}{6}

Value of P(E)P(E') when P(E)=0.4P(E) = 0.4

0.60.6

P(sum of 7 with two dice)P(\text{sum of 7 with two dice})

16\frac{1}{6}

P(AceRed card)P(\text{Ace}|\text{Red card}) in standard deck

113\frac{1}{13}

P(Heart or Ace)P(\text{Heart or Ace}) in standard deck

413\frac{4}{13}

P(two Aces without replacement)P(\text{two Aces without replacement})

1221\frac{1}{221}

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