Loftus & Palmer (1974) Effect of Leading Questions (Edexcel A-Level Psychology): Flashcards
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Researchers who studied leading questions on memory (1974)
Researchers who studied leading questions on memory (1974)
Elizabeth Loftus & John Palmer
No. of participants in Loftus & Palmer Experiment 1
No. of participants in Loftus & Palmer Experiment 1
45 students
No. of participants in Loftus & Palmer Experiment 2
No. of participants in Loftus & Palmer Experiment 2
150 students
5 verbs used in Loftus & Palmer's critical question
5 verbs used in Loftus & Palmer's critical question
Smashed, collided, bumped, hit, contacted
Speed estimate for 'smashed' condition (mph)
Speed estimate for 'smashed' condition (mph)
40.5 mph
Speed estimate for 'contacted' condition (mph)
Speed estimate for 'contacted' condition (mph)
31.8 mph
Critical question in Experiment 2 (broken glass)
Critical question in Experiment 2 (broken glass)
Did you see any broken glass?
% who reported glass in 'smashed' condition (Exp 2)
% who reported glass in 'smashed' condition (Exp 2)
32%
Reconstructive hypothesis (Loftus & Palmer)
Reconstructive hypothesis (Loftus & Palmer)
Memory combines original info + post-event info, merges over time
Real-world impact on police procedures
Real-world impact on police procedures
Guidance to minimise leading questions in interviews