Introduction to Algorithms (OCR A-Level Computer Science): Flashcards

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Introduction to Algorithms
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Algorithm definition

Step-by-step instructions to perform a task/solve a problem

Purpose of algorithm design

To solve a specific problem efficiently and logically

Flowchart oval symbol meaning

Start/End

Flowchart rectangle symbol meaning

Process (e.g., calculations)

Flowchart diamond symbol meaning

Decision (e.g., IF statements)

Flowchart arrow symbol meaning

Flow of control

Pseudocode definition

High-level, structured, human-readable algorithm description

Two aspects of algorithm efficiency

Time (speed) and space (memory)

Algorithm correctness meaning

Provides expected result for all valid inputs

Iteration in algorithms

Repeating steps using FOR, WHILE loops

Selection in algorithms

Decision-making using IF, ELSE statements

Three algorithm representations

Flowcharts, pseudocode, and program code

Common comparison operator mistake

Using = instead of == in comparisons

Cause of infinite loops

Forgetting to update loop variables

Off-by-one error definition

Iterating one too many or too few times

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