Behavioural Explanations of Phobias (OCR A-Level Psychology): Flashcards

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Behavioural Explanations of Phobias
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Two process model

Classical + operant conditioning (Mowrer 1947)

Classical conditioning in phobias

Acquiring phobias through association

Operant conditioning in phobias

Maintaining phobias through negative reinforcement

Watson & Rayner (1920) study

Created phobia in Little Albert via classical conditioning

Little Albert's phobia

White rat (associated with loud noise)

NS in Little Albert study

White rat

UCS in Little Albert study

Loud noise

CS in Little Albert study

White rat (after conditioning)

CR in Little Albert study

Fear (after conditioning)

Generalisation

CR to stimuli similar to CS

How are phobias maintained?

Avoidance behaviours are negatively reinforced

Systematic desensitisation

Helps people unlearn phobias

Flooding

Prevents avoidance, stops negative reinforcement

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Definitions of Abnormality

Phobias

Depression

OCD

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Definitions of Abnormality

Phobias

Depression

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Definitions of Abnormality

Phobias

Depression

OCD

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Definitions of Abnormality

Phobias

Depression

OCD

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