Figure 5 shows the arrangement used by Fizeau to determine the speed of light - AQA - A-Level Physics - Question 3 - 2022 - Paper 7

To determine if the speed of light can be calculated, we first find the maximum measurable speed using the rotating wheel:

The maximum angular speed of the wheel can be expressed as: ext{Angular speed} = rac{720 ext{ teeth} imes 620 ext{ revolutions/min}}{1 ext{ min}}

Now, converting the speed in km:

The distance $d = 8.5 ext{ km} = 8500 ext{ m}$.

Calculating: $c = 4d f_0$ With $f_0$ being the rotational frequency: f_0 = rac{620 ext{ revolutions/min}}{720 ext{ teeth}}

Finally, check if the calculated speed is less than or equal to the speed of light. Since the rotating speed may exceed the speed of light, we conclude that the arrangement is not valid.

$\epsilon_0$ is related to the electric field strength in free space, indicating how much electric field can permeate through a vacuum.

$\mu_0$ is related to the magnetic field strength in free space, emphasizing the ability of a magnetic field to propagate in free space.

Both constants are fundamental to understanding electromagnetic waves, where $c = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\epsilon_0 \mu_0}}$ shows the relationship between the speed of light and these permittivity and permeability values.