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Table 3 shows some communication applications that transmit using different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum - AQA - A-Level Physics - Question 5 - 2021 - Paper 8
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Table 3 shows some communication applications that transmit using different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Table 3 | Application | Spectrum reg... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Table 3 shows some communication applications that transmit using different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum - AQA - A-Level Physics - Question 5 - 2021 - Paper 8
Step 1
Longwave
Answer
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Frequency Range: Longwave frequency typically ranges from 30 kHz to 300 kHz.
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Wave Properties: Longwave radio waves can diffract (bend) around obstacles, making them suitable for long-distance communication without the need for a direct line of sight.
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Pathway: The pathway is often via surface waves, which travel along the ground and can follow the curvature of the Earth. This allows for greater coverage, especially in areas with varying terrain.
Step 2
Shortwave
Answer
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Frequency Range: Shortwave frequencies range from 1.6 MHz to 30 MHz.
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Wave Properties: These waves can reflect off the ionosphere, allowing them to cover distances beyond the horizon by bouncing between the Earth and the ionosphere.
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Pathway: The pathway involves ground and sky waves, providing effective communication for medium distances and international broadcasts.
Step 3
Microwave
Answer
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Frequency Range: Microwaves typically range from 1 GHz to 100 GHz.
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Wave Properties: Microwave waves have higher frequencies, which means they can carry more information over shorter distances compared to lower frequencies. However, they require a direct line of sight to ensure that signals are not diffused.
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Pathway: The pathway utilizes line-of-sight transmission, often involving satellite links. They can penetrate the atmosphere well, allowing for reliable communications over vast distances.