19th-Century Novel Essay Question (AQA GCSE English Literature): Flashcards

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Writer’s Methods & Techniques
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Narrative Voice

Perspective from which story is told (1st/3rd person, etc.)

Difference between metaphor & simile

Metaphor: states one thing IS another. Simile: uses 'like'/'as'

Personification

Giving human qualities to non-human things

Pathetic Fallacy

Human emotions attributed to weather/environment

Symbolism effect

Adds depth; reveals multiple layers of meaning

Foreshadowing

Hints/clues about what will happen later in story

Multiple Narratives effect

Provides different viewpoints, adds complexity

Cliffhanger effect

Creates tension, encourages reader to continue

Flashback

Scene set in time earlier than main story

Epistolary Form

Novel written as letters, diary entries, or documents

Circular Structure

Narrative that ends in same place it began

Juxtaposition

Placing contrasting ideas/characters/scenes close together

Unreliable Narrator effect

Creates ambiguity; readers question truth of narrative

Bildungsroman

Coming-of-age story focusing on psychological/moral growth

Gothic Novel characteristics

Mystery, horror, supernatural; dark, suspenseful atmosphere

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