Germany and the depression (AQA GCSE History): Model Answers
Which of the following was the more important reason for the recovery of Germany during the Gustav Stresemann era (1924–1929) [12 marks]
🔍 • economic development • international agreements?
Explain your answer with reference to both bullet points. Explain and analyse historical events and periods studied using [12 marks]
📖 Economic developments played a crucial role in Germany's recovery between 1924 and 1929. When Stresemann came to power, hyperinflation was a major issue. To address this, he halted the printing of money in 1924 and introduced the temporary Rentenmark, which was later replaced by the Reichsmark. This long-term solution was highly successful, as the Reichsmark remained in use for 25 years. By stabilising the economy, Stresemann resolved the economic crisis and set the stage for further improvements. However, many people criticised him for not fully restoring their lost savings and for failing to solve unemployment completely. Stresemann also negotiated the Dawes Plan with the USA, securing loans to help Germany pay reparations and promote economic development. Although some criticised him for not regaining the Ruhr from the French and Belgians, the Young Plan appeased others by reducing the total reparations. The loans were vital for Germany's recovery, easing the debt that caused hyperinflation and funding public projects like schools, roads, and buildings, which created jobs and boosted the economy.
Foreign policies also played a significant role in Germany's recovery by improving its international relationships. The Locarno Pact of 1925 secured agreements with Britain, France, Italy, and Belgium, ensuring they would not invade one another. Stresemann further demonstrated Germany's commitment to recovery by securing its entry into the League of Nations in 1926, reversing the ban imposed in 1919. Membership in this global peacekeeping organisation signalled Germany's reintegration into the international community and fostered acceptance from other nations. However, this progress was not universally welcomed, as some countries remained hostile towards Germany.
Overall, while foreign policies helped Germany restore its international reputation, economic policies were more significant in stabilising the country domestically. Despite later challenges, such as dependence on American loans, the economic measures implemented during 1924–1929 were critical. They addressed the dire financial conditions that had driven many Germans towards extremist groups, making them a cornerstone of Germany's recovery during this period.
🔍 Examiners Commentary:
This Level 4 response effectively addresses both points, providing substantiated explanations and a well-developed judgement in the conclusion. By comparing the impact of economic and foreign policies, the response demonstrates complex thinking, earning a high mark within Level 4.