Energy Changes in a System (AQA GCSE Physics): Flashcards

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Energy transfers and efficiency
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Thermal energy transfer

Heat moving from a warm place to a cooler place

Bigger temperature difference causes

Faster heat transfer

Thicker walls cause

Slower heat transfer

Thermal conductivity

How good a material is at letting heat pass through it

High thermal conductivity means

Good conductor of heat (e.g., metals)

Low thermal conductivity means

Poor conductor of heat (e.g., plastic, wood)

Efficiency measures

How good a device is at transferring energy into useful forms

Maximum possible efficiency of any machine

Less than 100% (no machine is 100% efficient)

Efficiency formula

useful energytotal energy×100%\frac{\text{useful energy}}{\text{total energy}} \times 100\%

Units of efficiency

No units (given as a percentage)

Using lubrication reduces energy waste by

Reducing friction

Making objects streamlined reduces

Air resistance

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