The War of The Worlds: Context (OCR GCSE English Literature): Revision Notes

Victorian Era and Imperialism: The War of the Worlds was published in 1898, during the height of the British Empire. The novel reflects the anxieties of the time, particularly fears of invasion and the downfall of empires. H.G. Wells uses the Martian invasion as a metaphor for British imperialism, drawing parallels between the Martians' treatment of humans and the British Empire's treatment of colonised peoples. This context can be used to support analyses related to themes of imperialism, power, and morality.

Scientific Advancements: The late 19th century was a period of rapid scientific discovery and technological innovation. Wells was influenced by the scientific theories of his time, including Darwin's theory of evolution. The novel's depiction of advanced Martian technology, such as the Heat-Ray, reflects contemporary fears that science and technology could become destructive forces if not guided by ethical considerations. Students can use this context to discuss themes of science, rationality, and the potential dangers of unchecked technological progress.

Fears of Invasion and Xenophobia: During the time Wells was writing, there was a growing fear in Britain of invasion by foreign powers, particularly Germany. This fear is reflected in the novel's portrayal of the sudden and overwhelming Martian attack. The invasion narrative taps into the anxieties of a society that was becoming increasingly aware of its vulnerability despite its global dominance. This context is useful for supporting themes of panic, fear, and the fragility of civilisation.

Wells' Personal Beliefs: H.G. Wells was known for his interest in social issues and his support for socialism. His works often critique the social inequalities and injustices of his time. In The War of the Worlds, Wells critiques the arrogance of mankind, particularly the assumption that human beings are the supreme beings of Earth. This can be used to support discussions on themes of humanity, inhumanity, and the ethics of imperialism.