DNA Replication, Protein Synthesis, and Mutations (LC 2027) (Leaving Cert Biology): Flashcards
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Central dogma flow of genetic information
Central dogma flow of genetic information
DNA → RNA → Protein
Transcription definition
Transcription definition
Transfer of genetic info from DNA to mRNA
RNA polymerase function
RNA polymerase function
Enzyme that reads DNA and builds complementary mRNA
Base in RNA instead of thymine
Base in RNA instead of thymine
Uracil (U)
Translation location
Translation location
At ribosomes in the cytoplasm
Codon definition
Codon definition
Group of three bases on mRNA
tRNA function
tRNA function
Carries amino acids & has anticodon matching mRNA codon
Start codon sequence
Start codon sequence
AUG
mRNA function
mRNA function
Carries genetic info from nucleus to ribosomes
rRNA function
rRNA function
Forms part of ribosome structure with proteins
Mutation definition
Mutation definition
Sudden change in amount or structure of DNA
Mutagen definition
Mutagen definition
External agent that increases rate of mutations
Point mutation characteristic
Point mutation characteristic
Changes in a single gene or small number of bases
Down syndrome chromosome count
Down syndrome chromosome count
47 chromosomes (extra chromosome 21)
CRISPR-Cas9 purpose
CRISPR-Cas9 purpose
Gene editing tool to remove, add or alter DNA sequences