Changing Levels of Growth: The Multiplier Process (HSC SSCE Economics): Flashcards

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Changing Levels of Growth: The Multiplier Process
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Economist who developed the multiplier concept

John Maynard Keynes

What the multiplier measures

Greater-than-proportional increase in national income from ↑ AD

MPC (Marginal Propensity to Consume)

Proportion of extra income spent on consumption

MPS (Marginal Propensity to Save)

Proportion of extra income that is saved

Essential relationship between MPC and MPS

MPC + MPS = 1

Multiplier formula (using MPS)

k=1MPSk = \frac{1}{\text{MPS}}

Multiplier formula (using MPC)

k=11MPCk = \frac{1}{1 - \text{MPC}}

Effect of larger MPS on multiplier size

Smaller multiplier (less spending generates less additional income)

Multiplier effect on AD decreases

Works both ways - amplifies decreases as well as increases

Why governments use the multiplier

Initial spending generates much larger total economic activity

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