2. Cell Structure: Definitions (AQA A-Level Biology): Flashcards

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2. Cell Structure: Definitions
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Active transport

Movement from low to high conc. against gradient, using ATP energy

Osmosis

Water movement through membrane from high to low water potential

Mitochondrion function

Aerobic respiration to produce ATP

Chloroplast function

Where photosynthesis occurs

Active immunity

Body produces antibodies & memory cells in response to pathogen

Passive immunity

Receiving ready-made antibodies, not producing own

Phagocytosis

Phagocytes engulf and digest foreign particles/pathogens

Golgi apparatus function

Modifies, packages & dispatches proteins

Magnification formula

Image size=Actual size×Magnification\text{Image size} = \text{Actual size} \times \text{Magnification}

Binary fission

Asexual reproduction in prokaryotes; DNA replicates, then cell divides into two

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