4. Genetic Information, Variation & Relationships Between Organisms: Definitions (AQA A-Level Biology): Flashcards

Four genetically distinct daughter cells (gametes) with half the chromosome number

Two genetically identical diploid daughter cells

Three nucleotide bases in mRNA specifying an amino acid

Three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA that corresponds to a specific mRNA codon

Multiple triplets can code for the same amino acid

Group of similar organisms interbreeding to produce viable, fertile offspring

Genetic variation from allele exchange between chromatids

Initial stage of protein synthesis: DNA → pre-mRNA/mRNA

Second stage of protein synthesis in ribosomes: mRNA → polypeptide

Evolutionary relationships and homologous characteristics