8. The Control of Gene Expression: Definitions (A Level only) (AQA A-Level Biology): Flashcards
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Acetylation effect on gene expression
Acetylation effect on gene expression
Makes genes more accessible for transcription, activates expression
Methylation effect on gene expression
Methylation effect on gene expression
Inhibits transcription by reducing DNA accessibility
Cause of frameshift mutation
Cause of frameshift mutation
Insertion or deletion of nucleotides shifting reading frame
Totipotent cells differentiation potential
Totipotent cells differentiation potential
Maximum potential; can develop into any cell type in body
Pluripotent cells differentiation potential
Pluripotent cells differentiation potential
Can differentiate into virtually any cell type
Definition of oncogenes
Definition of oncogenes
Mutated proto-oncogenes continuously activated, promote uncontrolled division
Function of tumour suppressor genes
Function of tumour suppressor genes
Slow cell division, facilitate DNA repair, trigger apoptosis
PCR function
PCR function
Rapidly amplifies specific DNA fragments through heating cycles
Sticky ends definition
Sticky ends definition
Staggered DNA cuts with single-stranded overhangs
Reverse transcriptase function
Reverse transcriptase function
Synthesises DNA using RNA templates