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10 cards from this deck
Statistical method to test if observed and expected results differ significantly
χ2=Σ(O−E)2E\chi^2 = \Sigma\frac{(O - E)^2}{E}χ2=ΣE(O−E)2
Observed numbers
Expected numbers
Number of classes (categories) minus one
p=0.05p = 0.05p=0.05 (5% probability threshold)
When probability >0.05> 0.05>0.05 (deviation not significant)
When probability <0.05< 0.05<0.05 (deviation is significant)
Over 20
9:3:3:1
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