Statistical Tests (AQA A-Level Biology): Flashcards

p ≤ 0.05 (5% or less)

No significant difference between observed & expected results

Comparing observed frequencies with expected frequencies

$\chi^2 = \sum \frac{(O-E)^2}{E}$

Number of categories - 1

Comparing means from two independent groups

$(n_1 + n_2) - 2$

-1 to +1

$n - 2$

Calculated χ² > critical value at p=0.05