Gene Expression & Cancer (AQA A-Level Biology): Flashcards
📚Flashcards
Practise the cards
10 cards from this deck
ShowHide
Practise the cards
10 cards from this deck
What causes cancer?
What causes cancer?
Damage to genes controlling mitosis & cell cycle
What is a tumour?
What is a tumour?
Group of abnormal cells continuously expanding
Key diff: benign vs malignant tumours
Key diff: benign vs malignant tumours
Malignant spread via metastasis, benign stay localised
Malignant cell nucleus appearance
Malignant cell nucleus appearance
Larger and darker due to abundant DNA
Oncogenes develop from
Oncogenes develop from
Proto-oncogenes
Tumour suppressor gene functions (3)
Tumour suppressor gene functions (3)
Slow cell division, repair DNA, trigger apoptosis
Oncogenes vs tumour suppressors: cancer mechanism
Oncogenes vs tumour suppressors: cancer mechanism
Oncogenes: activation; Tumour suppressors: inactivation
Hypermethylation effect on tumour suppressor genes
Hypermethylation effect on tumour suppressor genes
Silences them → increases cell division → tumour formation
TP53 gene codes for
TP53 gene codes for
p53 protein (involved in apoptosis)
Oestrogen & breast cancer mechanism
Oestrogen & breast cancer mechanism
Activates proto-oncogenes to become oncogenes in breast tissue