Gene Mutations (AQA A-Level Biology): Flashcards
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Gene mutation
Gene mutation
Alteration to nucleotide bases in DNA or their arrangement
Substitution mutation
Substitution mutation
Replacing one nucleotide base with another in DNA
3 possible outcomes of substitution
3 possible outcomes of substitution
Stop codon, different amino acid, or same amino acid
Why substitution may cause no effect
Why substitution may cause no effect
Degenerate code: multiple codons for same amino acid
Deletion mutation
Deletion mutation
Loss of a nucleotide base from DNA sequence
Frame shift
Frame shift
All subsequent triplets are read incorrectly
Effect of adding 3 bases (or multiples of 3)
Effect of adding 3 bases (or multiples of 3)
No frame shift occurs
Natural mutation rate
Natural mutation rate
1-2 mutations per 100,000 genes per generation
Examples of mutagenic agents
Examples of mutagenic agents
Alpha/beta particles, X-rays, UV light, nitrogen dioxide
Mutations in gametes vs body cells
Mutations in gametes vs body cells
Gametes: passed to offspring; body cells: individual only