Risk Factors & Cancer (AQA A-Level Biology): Flashcards
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Practise the cards
10 cards from this deck
Risk factors (cancer)
Risk factors (cancer)
Conditions/behaviours that increase likelihood of developing cancer
Most preventable cause of cancer
Most preventable cause of cancer
Smoking
Proto-oncogenes
Proto-oncogenes
Normal genes that regulate cell division
Oncogenes
Oncogenes
Mutated/overactivated proto-oncogenes causing uncontrolled growth
Lung cancer risk: 25 cigarettes daily vs non-smoker
Lung cancer risk: 25 cigarettes daily vs non-smoker
25 times greater risk
Key carcinogen in tobacco tar
Key carcinogen in tobacco tar
Benzopyrene
Two-hit hypothesis
Two-hit hypothesis
Both alleles of tumour suppressor genes must be mutated for cancer to develop
Tumour suppressor genes: alleles needed to be mutated
Tumour suppressor genes: alleles needed to be mutated
Both alleles
How oestrogen triggers cancer
How oestrogen triggers cancer
Binds to genes, promotes transcription, causes cell proliferation
Why cancer risk increases with age
Why cancer risk increases with age
Mutations accumulate over time