Human Gas Exchange (AQA A-Level Biology): Quizzes

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Lung Disease & Risk Factors
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Which conditions are included under the term COPD?

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

What percentage of COPD patients are current or former heavy smokers?

90%

Which harmful gas is specifically mentioned as an air pollutant that increases COPD risk?

Sulfur dioxide

At what age did heavy smokers show complete group mortality in the UK study?

82 years

How many cigarettes daily defines a moderate smoker in the study?

15-24

What relationship describes how increased smoking reduces life expectancy proportionally?

Dose-response relationship

What role do genetic factors play in lung disease susceptibility?

Make some individuals more vulnerable

Why doesn't correlation between smoking and death definitively prove causation?

Correlation can exist without causal links

What are the three stages for establishing causation scientifically?

Hypothesise, experiment, theorise

In which year was the comprehensive UK smoking study initiated?

1951

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